Development

From the turn of the twentieth century onwards, the Vienna Court Opera embarked upon a root-and-branch trans­for­ma­tion and rejuvenation of the ensemble. Mahler conducted less frequently during this period than over the first few years of his tenure, although he still oversaw around 180 perfor­mances in the seasons between 1900/1901 and 1903/1904.

The Vienna Court Opera ©
The Vienna Court Opera
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Theodor Bertram

Undine

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Among the new productions Mahler worked on in this period was a new staging of Wagner's Tristan und Isolde, which was first performed on 21 February 1903 with Erik Schmedes as Tristan and Anna von Mildenburg as Isolde. The production was particularly significant because it marked Mahler's first collaboration with the painter and co-founder of the Vienna Secession, Alfred Roller, who would soon be appointed as the Court Opera's head of stage design. Following that first pro­duction of Tristan und Isolde, Mahler would go on to work with Roller on a number of subsequent productions, including Fidelio in 1904, Das Rheingold and Don Giovanni in 1905, and finally Iphigenie in Aulis in 1907. With Roller acting as his right-hand man, Mahler set about reforming the Court Opera's approach to staging, sets and stage design. His changes were acclaimed by his admirers, but drew much criticism from others.

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Hans Breuer

Das Rheingold (The Rhinegold)

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Grete Forst

I Pagliacci (The Clowns)

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<p>Grete Forst</p> ©

Grete Forst

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Marie Gutheil-Schoder

Les contes d’Hoffmann (The Tales of Hoffmann)

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Among the performers to join the Court Opera in this period, it was Marie Gutheil-Schoder and, above all, Leo Slezak, who would succeed in leaving a legacy far beyond Mahler’s time as director. 

“His ‘recipe’ for working, if I can put it like that, was very simple: He would not violate the work or the performer by imposing a dominant interpretation from the outset, and he would not allow his own prejudices to close off an opportunity for individual development. His compelling authority, which was founded not on a childish, tyrannical approach to wielding power, but rather on his personal powers of persuasion and unconditional devotion to each work, meant he could dispense with the need to elevate his word to the status of absolutist dogma without fear of his position being undermined. Often, he would pick up on seemingly com­pletely trivial points that would then beginning to blos­som in his hands and, when they were all brought together, would produce an unbeliev­ably colourful feel. This respect Mahler had for the individuality of each and every performer was almost unlimited, and it was the key to all the unusual aspects of his work that the indignant flock of orthodox traditionalists used to hold against him.” (Marie Gutheil-Schoder, 1921)

Marie Gutheil-Schoder ©
Marie Gutheil-Schoder
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Leo Slezak

Die Zauberflöte (The Magic Flute)

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Leo Slezak

La Bohème

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Leo Slezak

Lohengrin

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Leo Slezak

Aida

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Leo Slezak

Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg (The Master-singers of Nuremberg)

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Leo Slezak

Les Huguenots (The Huguenots)

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Leo Slezak

Guillaume Tell (William Tell)

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<p>Leo Slezak</p> ©

Leo Slezak

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Leo Slezak

La muette de Portici (The Mute of Portici)

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Leo Slezak

La Juive (The Jewess)

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Leo Slezak

Il trovatore (The Troubadour)

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Photograph by Richard Mayr with handwritten note: "Dedicated in gratitude to the amiable Mr Oberrath Ernst von Sulzbeck by Richard Mayr". ©

Richard Mayr

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Richard Mayr

Don Giovanni

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Richard Mayr

Lohengrin

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Richard Mayr

La Juive (The Jewess)

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Hermine Kittel

Les contes d’Hoffmann (Tales of Hoffmann)

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Hermine Kittel

Die lustigen Weiber von Windsor (The Merry Wives of Windsor)

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Hermine Kittel

Aida

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<p>Hans Melms</p> ©

Hans Melms

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Hans Melms

Zar und Zimmermann (Tsar and the Carpenter)

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Hans Melms

Tannhäuser

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Anton Moser

Tannhäuser

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Friedrich Weidemann

Die Walküre (The Valkyrie)

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Friedrich Weidemann

Der Waffenschmied (The Armourer)

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Berta Förster-Lauterer

Mignon

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<p>Lucie Weidt</p> ©

Lucie Weidt

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Lucie Weidt

Tannhäuser

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Lucie Weidt

Tristan und Isolde

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Laura Hilgermann

Lohengrin

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Laura Hilgermann

Die Walküre (The Valkyrie)

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